The present scientific work is devoted to the research of political, economical and cultural potential of diasporas. In the article specific situations are considered on the example, of the Russian diaspora in Moldova and the Moldovan community in Russia. The work is created on the basis of research of the thematic scientific literature, official news, and information of state institutions of Moldova and Russia. According to result of the conducted research one can make sure that today the role of diaspora’s unions is great, and it is especially felt on the example of Russia and Moldova. These two states have maintained friendly relations for a long period of history, and it is diasporas that can play a significant role today for their preservations.