Medical tourism can be defined as‖the process of traveling outside the country of residence for the purpose of receiving medical care‖. Medical tourism is a contemporary reality, which has emerged as a result of the phenomenon of globalization of tourism, on the one hand, and health systems, on the other. In the past, the term referred to the travel of patients from less-developed countries to developed nations in pursuit of the treatments not available in their homeland. Currently 3 trends are described: the first trend is to attract patients for balneology procedures, the second relates to the provision of medical rehabilitation and the latest trend offers specialized treatments for cosmetic surgery, dentistry, cardiac surgery and orthopedic surgery. Medical tourism represents a multibillion-dollar phenomenon that is expected to grow considerably in the next decade. For the individual interested in health services, cost and the quality of health infrastructure and medical staff are the key factor involved in the decision to receive medical care abroad. All this is associated with the lack of medical staff in the countries of origin, as well as with the very high fees that patients cannot cover from health insurance, such as implantology in dentistry. In conclusion, medical tourism is an economically attractive alternative, both for the patient and for the countries that offer these medical procedures.