This article is a study of the emergence and evolution of audiovisual translation, a review of scholars from different countries who have laid the theoretical foundations of audiovisual translation as a subfield of Translation Studies. Some researchers are concerned with the translation process, the final product, the translators’ activity and the decisions they make in the process of audiovisual translation. Others study the transfer of meaning and expressive valences, convinced that the greatest difficulty does not reside in the words, the expressions, for which there is no adequate equivalent, but in the realities to which they refer. They consider that the purpose of audiovisual translation is to establish equivalence between the source and target language texts. Other researchers are interested in the specificities of dubbing and subtitling, believing that the product of translation is primarily intended for future viewers. Translating means creating an “equivalent” of the original film, i.e., a film, with the least possible distortion of the content of the original version. The translator decides which translation approach to follow and which translation strategies to use.