Lyme Borreliosis is an antropozoonosis caused by several genospecies of Borreliei burgdorferi sensu lato (B.b.s.l.). These spirochetes are transmitted by Ixodes ricinus ticks and cause a large array of clinical syndroms in the human species, also known as Lyme disease. The etiologic agent of Lyme borreliosis is transmitted to humans during the feeding process of the infected tick. The division of neuroborreliosis into stages in conventional and used for the general description of the disease. Meningoradiculitis, Guillain-Barre syndrome, cranial neuropathy, meningitis, encephalitis, transverse myelitis are attributed to the early disseminated stage. Late neuroborreliosis is dominated by progressive encephalomyelitis, polyneuropathy, and late encephalopathy. At the current stage, two groups of laboratory methods for detecting borreliosis infection are known: direct (identification of the pathogen or its components) and indirect (specific immune response). In neuroborreliosis, the suspected clinical diagnosis can most often be confirmed with certainty through the CSF examination. CSF demonstrates lymphocytic pleocytosis with numerous plasma cells and activated lymphocytes, such as increased CSF/serum albumin ratio or increased total protein in CSF. In the acute forms, the intrathecal synthesis of IgM is highlighted, and in the chronic forms - IgG and IgA. The choice of the antibiotic for the treatment of neuroborreliosis is carried out, taking into account its ability to penetrate the affected tissues and reach the effective concentrations. Effective oral medications for treating patients with erythema migrans include amoxicillin, penicillin, tetracycline, cefuroxime axetil. Doxycycline has replaced tetracycline due to twice-daily dosing, CNS penetration, gastrointestinal absorption, and better tolerability. Thus, the analysis of data from the literature leads us to the following conclusions: • Lyme neuroborreliosis is a treatable disease; • the success of the treatment depends on the stage and duration of the disease; • oral administration of antibiotics is preferable in early NB, and injectable forms are more frequently useful in late NB.