This research is devoted to the actual problem of the developmental and psychology – the self-consciousness genesis of children aged 1–18.These children are educated in different social conditions. In this research work are shown: dynamics of the selfconsciousness at different developmental stages of a child, the situations, factors, contents, possibilities, mechanisms, the natural laws of development and the differences determined by the Social Situation of Development (SSD). The determinating factor of self-consciousness development at the different ontogenesis stages is the communicative experience with adults. In the favorable social conditions the forming of self-consciousness in the elementary forms appears by the age of 2. At the same time the children from orphanages are 9-12 months behind. The structures which form the selfconsciousness go through 4 main quality stages in their development. The identification and the complex studying of the developmental peculiarities, architectonics of the forming system, dynamics of self-consciousness development made possible to ground and work out the contents, progressive methods of the acceleration of the self-consciousness development process. The compensation process of the given defections in the development pf self-consciousness is most effective at the age of 2. The developmental influence of these conditions comes down with age.