Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are synthetic organic chemicals comprising 209 individual chlorinated biphenyl compounds. Exposure to each of these compounds is associated with different levels of risk for the environment and human health. Although PCBs were not manufactured in the Republic of Moldova they were used and keep on to be used and are stocked in the energy equipment like transformers and capacitors. The main components of the PCBs exposure are the environment and employees from energy sector. Because of their resistance to degradation which is very high, PCBs persist in the environment for a long period and represent a real threat for the environment and human health. This paper summarizes the (PCBs) impact on the human health and environment in the Republic of Moldova. Recent (PCBs) inventory study within the World Bank Project “Implementation of the Stockholm Convention in Moldova” http://www. moldovapops.md showed that in the Republic of Moldova there are stoked more than 23 920 tons of dielectric oil potentially contaminated distributed in the 26 300 transformers also 17 000 capacitors are emplaced on the territory of the Republic of Moldova. During two decades between 1970-1990 over 800.000 tons of pesticides were used in the agriculture of the Republic of Moldova, the greatest amounts having been used during 1980-1990. It is considered that as a result of excessive use of pesticides in Moldova during the last decades, the health status of at least two generations was affected. The burden of morbidity resulted from the acute and chronic effects of exposure to organic chemicals, is significant in Moldova and has important social and economic costs. Prevention of further exposure of the population to POPs pesticides is one of the public health imperatives. At that time the sites contamination problem with pesticides was researched by the authorities and during 1984 to 1989 there was determined the contamination level with organochlorinated pesticides like DDT, DDE and Hexaclorciclohexan (HCH) in the foods which were produced in the country and in the breast milk, by the National Scientific Practical Preventive Medicine. The obtained data showed that the content of DDT and HCH in the breast milk represented almost 96 % of frequency and the content of DDT – 0.03 mg/dm3, HCH 0.01 mg/dm3. The toxic effect of the organochlorinated pesticides is manifested at the same time on women organisms as well. Epidemiological investigations, carried out by A. Vasilov in the 90-th demonstrated that concurrently with pesticides use intensification or exposures increased the frequency of pathological conditions and functional disturbances of the feminine reproductive sphere. There are prerequisites that such impact was produced on masculine reproductive sphere as well because the masculine unproductiveness in the last decades rose significantly. It is known that worldwide population have suffered from PCBs exposures and the synergism between PCBs intoxication and bad live condition leads to the low life level. Exposures of people to PCBs conduct to the next problems: 1. Development problem of the children whose mothers ate contaminated fish, 2. deficits of the neurobehavioral occur in newborns and continue through school-aged children who had in utero exposure to PCBs, 3. Liver disease and of course 4.Higher cancer risk. For the Republic of Moldova there was always characteristic a low life expectancy at birth, near with the average at the 65, 8 – 67, 8 years. In accordance with the inventory data the amount of the organochlorinated pesticides were reduced till 1700 tons but the average life level is still kept and it is supposed that a small or big contribution to it represent PCBs exposures and contamination. In Moldova the PCBs exposures and contamination it wasn’t studied and at the same time with the enablement of the National Implementation Plan in the field of Persistent Organic Pollutants their will be developed and improve the existent monitoring system and risk assessment of PCBs on the environment and human health. Within doctorate study which is done at the Sate University of Moldova the main task is focused on the assessment of the PCBs exposures and contamination of environment and human health from Moldova. The Electrical Oil, which is contained in the Electrical Power Transformer, analyzed by Gas Chromatography method showed that there were PCBs congeners in the Electrical Oil. The concentration of PCBs is up to 50 ppm and in this case according to US Federal regulation substances containing PCBs 50 - 499 ppm PCB is classified as “PCB-contaminated”. Capacitors’ filling it is classified as “pure” PCB substance. The toxicity of a PCB is dependent by the number of chlorines present on the biphenyl structures and by the positions of the chlorines. For instance congeners with chlorines in both para positions (4 and 4’) and at least 2 chlorines at the meta positions (3, 5, 3’, 5’) are considered to be “dioxin like” and are particularly toxic. The PCB structure is nearly as a structure with natural hormones. The PCB’s congeners can mimic natural hormones (thyroid and other steroidal hormones) and interfere with endocrine function in this case they can bring big damage as cancer at the final.