Species and trophic diversity of freshwater and soil nematodes of some localities along the Dniester River have been studied during the last few years. At present, 63 species of nematodes from 43 genera, 27 families and 9 orders were revealed in the sediment and river bank of the Dniester River. The largest number of nematode species belongs to the orders Dorylaimida-14 species (22.22% from total number of species), Rhabditida-12 (19%), Tylenchida-11 (17.46%) followed by Triplonchida-9 species (14.28%), Plectida-9 (14.28%), Monhysterida-5 (7.93%), Mononchida-2 (3.17%), Aphelenchida-1 (1.58%) and Chromadorida-1 (1.58%). Most of the nematode species are bacterial feeders-28 species (44.44%), followed by plant feeders-11 (17.46%), omnivores-11 (17.46%), predators-6 (9.52%), microalgae feeders-4 (6.35%) and hyphal feeders-3 (4.76%). In the littoral zone of the Dniester River the microalgae feeders (Tobrilidae), bacterial feeders (Monhysteridae, Plectidae, Cephalobidae, Panagrolaimidae and Rhabditidae) dominated both on the species diversity and their abundance. In the river bank the nematode plant parasites are mainly composed of ectoparasites, some populations of endoparasites were revealed