Gagauz are a small Turkic-speaking and Orthodox people, the problem of ethnogenesis of which has not been solved so far (its diversity and savagery are preserved); archaeological monuments directly related to the ethnic history of the people have not been identified or properly interpreted. The complexity of the study of this problem lies in the fact that the ethnonym “Gagauz” is found only in the middle of the XIX century. This prompted us to study the problem of the ethnogenesis of the Gagauz people through the cultural Genesis, which, along with the anthropology and glottogenesis, is part of modern methods of research of processes of folding and the formation of ethnic communities. Over 25 years of individual field studies, we were able to collect a rich amount of ethnographic and folkloric material on various areas of traditional spiritual culture of the Gagauz people. As the object of a comparative study, we have taken four groups of the Gagauz people of Moldova, Ukraine, Bulgaria and Greece. Thanks to the material we collected, which includes sources in various fields of science – history, Ethnography, folklore and religious studies, a comprehensive interdisciplinary study of the traditional spiritual culture of Gagauz as a living tradition, as an archaic modernity, has become possible. Thus, as a result of our interdisciplinary and ethnoregional research, it was found out that the form and content of the traditional spiritual (as well as material) culture of Gagauz is a common Balkan phenomenon. In the Balkans and later on the territory of Bessarabia, the Gagauz people were supported, developed and strengthened their gagauzskoj through the Orthodox and linguistic identity. Cultural values of Gagauz are connected with Orthodoxy, but at the same time they feel as a part of the Turkic world. We note that the analysis of the cultural Genesis of Gagauz indicates that as an ethnic group they formed in the Balkans.