Migration of Ukrainians to Moldova in the 14th–19th centuries and its main reasons
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94(478+477)"XIII-XVIII" (1)
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KOZHUKHAR, Viktor. Migration of Ukrainians to Moldova in the 14th–19th centuries and its main reasons. In: Patrimoniul cultural: cercetare, valorificare, promovare, Ed. 11, 29-31 octombrie 2019, Chișinău. Chișinău: Institutul Patrimoniului Cultural, 2019, Ediția 11, pp. 100-101. ISBN 978-9975-84-104-7.
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Patrimoniul cultural: cercetare, valorificare, promovare
Ediția 11, 2019
Conferința "Patrimoniul cultural: cercetare, valorificare, promovare"
11, Chișinău, Moldova, 29-31 octombrie 2019

Migration of Ukrainians to Moldova in the 14th–19th centuries and its main reasons

CZU: 94(478+477)"XIII-XVIII"

Pag. 100-101

Kozhukhar Viktor
 
Institute of Cultural Heritage
 
Disponibil în IBN: 10 martie 2020


Rezumat

The most active migration from various regions of Ukraine to Moldova begins in the XIV century. The main factors that contributed to the resettlement were political, socio-economic, religious, etc. Among the socio-economic factors, it is worth highlighting the features of feudal relations in Moldova and neighboring Poland. In Moldova, there was a milder form of exploitation of peasants – rent by products. In Ukraine, the landlord economy was entrenched, which was based on corvee – developmental rent the resettlement process has especially intensified since the 17th century. Landless Ukrainian peasants were also attracted by a large amount of uncultivated land in Moldova, and the feudal lords in every way encouraged their settlement. There was also such a form of resettlement as donation of territories. Charters of the XIV–XVI centuries testify the donation of lands to Ukrainian feudal lords, who transferred to the service of Moldavian rulers (gospodari). During political strife and military campaigns forced resettlements were also carried out. Such relocations took place repeatedly in the 14th–16th centuries. A major role was played by the religious factor. Due to the strengthening of the position of the Catholic Church and the intensification of religious oppression of Orthodox Ukrainians, many of them were forced to migrate to Moldova. In the XVIII century tens of thousands of Rusyns lived in northern counties (ţinut) – Khotin (Hotin), Iash (Iaşi), Soroka (Soroca). At the end of the XVIII century, Cossacks and Ukrainian fugitive peasants settled in the south of Bessarabia. As a result of these relocations, the Ukrainian population in Moldova, especially in the northeastern part, has increased significantly. Since the beginning of the XIX century the resettlement of Ukrainian peasants to Bessarabia is even greater, largely due to the resettlement of state peasants, which was carried out by the tsarist government. If in 1817 there were about 30,000 people (6.5%), then in 1861 – 126,000 (13.4%), and in 1897 – 330,600 people (17.0%).