Republic of Moldova is a country with permanent walnut culture tradition. This obtained crop (mainly from local bearing trees originated from seed) has good productive potential within central pomological zone of Republic of Moldova. Actually it is indispensable to cultivate adequate varieties (local as well as introduced from similar areas) in concordance with the specific ecological conditions and market demands. It is indispensable to notice that a lot of local registered varieties set nuts in, or before, the third growing season, even during the first year after grafting. Another useful reproductive trait in some of them is relatively long period of flowering, which could be a valuable aid in avoiding spring frost damage. The trait of multiple-nut clusters, commonly 6 to 9 nuts on spikes as compared to main varieties with 2 to 3 per cluster, offers the potential for greatly increased yields, but this characteristic is rarely expressed (for example for variety Calarash). Particular importance for walnut varieties, created in Research and Practical Institute for Horticulture and Alimentary Technologies is resistance or tolerance to important diseases, e.g., walnut blight, anthracnose, and various leaf fungal diseases. Evaluation and exploitation of such local varieties like Kishinevskii, Skinoskii, Cogalniceanu, Cazacu, Costiujeni, etc. within industrial plantations demonstrate theirs relatively high vigor, early flowering, protoginous type of dichogamy and low manifestation of lateral bearing capacity. According the orchards investigations, provided by president of Moldovan Union of Producers of Nuts Crop Associations, mr Tirsina Oleg new explored variety Pescianski is very interesting. “It is a half-lateral variety that enters into production by the 6th year and, if care is well taken of, it is very fruitful. As a well-known Italian walnut grower put it, Pescianski is a very Hartley-like variety. In addition to high yield potential, this variety is famous for its excellent kernel quality and easiness of shelling. It has a 57% kernel ratio and its very thin shell that makes it suitable for the kernel production, but also for in shell sale as customers love to crack it open”. Preliminary temporary tests of introduction in culture of protandrous with lateral bearing capacity varieties like Lara, Fernor, Chandler shows that they are well adapted for central pomological zone. For nominated varieties there are very common comparatively late and long flowering period of pistilate flowers. In the same time our studies were focused also on evaluation of local walnut biotypes from different natural populations of local pomological zones comparatively to autochthonous and some introduced registered varieties. The assessment enclosed walnut main descriptors, and sensory attributes including nut form, weight, structure (including index of shape form, total weight, index of kernel/endocarp relation), kernel structure, flavor, texture, eating qualities, etc. The nut shape of the biotypes, selected as important ones was mainly rated oblate to ovate. Biotypes of north zone were recorded to have the whitest shell color and high index of kernel/endocarp relation: 45-59% of kernel were noticed at 13 biotypes. Most of the biotypes had a moderate kernel fill and shriveling score. The highest score of aroma, flavor and sweetness intensity was noted in central pomological zone (1Cmd, 2Cmd, 3Cmd, 17Cmd, while bitterness, puckeriness and sweetness assessments greatly changing among varieties and biotypes. Crispness rating of the cultivars/types was almost the same in all zones. Thus, on the basis of obtained data we suppose the existence of genetically important native trees all around the Moldovan area. We are considering that there is necessary to conduct in-situ and on-farm inventories also for profound assessment and future utilization of the mentioned walnut gene fond.