Relations between Romania and Moldova, two sovereign and independent states, have a privileged, particularly character, deriving from community of people, culture, language and national history. Lately relations between Romania and Moldova, being more than a decade on the outskirts of policy concerns and international diplomacy, become the subject of increased attention. This happens also because both Romania, and Moldova were in the past few years, each separately, ones of particular interest due to events such as: Romania’s accession to NATO, relations of Romania and the Republic of Moldova with the enlarged Europe, and, of course because of accelerated internationalization of the Transnistrian problem. Undoubtedly, this increasingly interest in the two countries was due to regional conjuncture, or, the South Eastern Europe as a whole was a scene of action with global resonance in the last years of the second millennium and the early years of the third millennium.