In this article the author analyzed the importance of the monitoring of the demographic situation on pre-school education system. Starting with the 90’s the system of pre-school institutions in the Republic of Moldova was affected by a socio-economic crisis in general, and by demographic processes specific for that period – decrease of the birthrate and migration of the population. Over the past 10 years, the situation related to availability of pre-school education services has considerably improved. Unlike primary and general secondary educational institutions, the number of which decreases, the number of pre-school institution is increasing. However, in 2011, 36% of the pre-school education institutions were completed at maximum 50% of the capacity of an institution, 30% of institutions - 50-90% of their capacity, 7% of the institutions - at 90-100% of their capacity, and 27% of the institutions exceeded their designed capacity by the number of children enrolled. In urban localities, each second institution was used beyond the designed capacity, compared to each fifth institution in rural area. At the same time, 451 rural localities have no pre-school education services. The author put in evidence the necessity to optimize the pre-school education system taking into consideration the demographic processes.