Water quality is one of the major challenges faced by the society in the 21st century, which can compromise human health, limit food production, impair ecosystem function and slow down economic growth. Water quality deterioration directly affects environmental, social and economic problems. Availability of water resources becomes increasingly limited due to fresh water pollution, caused by the discharge of untreated or insufficiently treated waste water to rivers, lakes and coastal areas. In September 2015, at the 70th Session of the UN General Assembly, the Sustainable Development Goals by 2030 were adopted. This document emphasizes the water quality issues as one of the major international problems. The requirements to the quality of drinking water in Moldova are regulated by the Governmental Decision N 934 of 15.08.2007 concerning Sanitary Norms of mineral waters and drinking waters. It states the maximal admissible concentrations for the parameters negatively affecting human health. During 2018, 145 water samples from wells and artesian wells from different regions of Moldova were analyzed, and the conformity of their chemical composition to the Governmental Decision N 934 was evaluated. Only 44 samples (30%) of them complied with requirements to the drinking water quality for all the parameters. For 145 samples, 1379 analysis were carried out. In 20% of cases, the concentrations of the analyzed parameters exceeded the maximum allowable concentration. 1) In 69.7% of cases, one or more parameters of the water from the analyzed wells and artesian wells did not meet the drinking water requirements. The exceedance of the concentration can vary greatly for different parameters. 2) The characteristic features of the waters from artesian wells are increased amount of ammonia and ammonium ions, hydrogen sulfide and soluble sulfides, sodium ions, increased oxidability, and the content of the salts causing water hardness below the maximal allowable value. 3) The characteristics of the waters from wells are high values of nitrate content, water hardness and dry residue. 4) None of the analyzed samples had heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Ni, Cr) content exceeding the allowable limits. 5) All analyzed bottled waters conformed the Governmental Decision N 934 with data indicated on the product label. The present research confirmed the need for evaluation of the quality of water from different sources with the aim of providing the population with good quality drinking water.