Niobium oxide (V) with nanostructured surface is considered to be a prospective material for serving of the basis for creation of a range of nano-, microsystems and touch technology products. However, however procedure of pore formation and self-organization within niobium anodic oxidation have not yet been precisely determined. The present paper is aimed at investigation of specific features of electrosynthesis of Nb2O5 nano-structured anodic films and development of theoretical approaches to description of the processes occurred herewith. Within the survey it has been defined that niobium anodic oxidation is limited to solid-phase diffusion of reaction agents in oxidic layer. It has been taken an effort to develop a universal model of formation of barrier- and porous-type niobium anodic oxide. This model helps to evaluate a nature of pores germination, initial stage of their growth as well as temporal progress of the pores geometric shape. It has been defined, that morphology of synthesized films substantially depends on the electrolyte contents, voltage and anodic oxidation duration. Thus, at niobium anodic oxidation in a solution of 1 М H2SO4 + 0,5 М HF at 60 V within 2 hours it is generated porous anodic film of Nb2O5 (Fig.1A), while at extension of electrosynthesis duration up to 5 hours or HF concentration up to 1 М it is generated secondary structures (Fig1. B, C), which completely cover surface of Nb2O5 porous anodic films.