The concept of peace in contemporary system of international relations
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BEGLIȚA, Sveatoslav. The concept of peace in contemporary system of international relations. In: Sesiune naţională de comunicări ştiinţifice studenţeşti:: Ştiinţe ale naturii şi exacte Științe juridice și economice, 21-22 aprilie 2016, Chişinău. Chişinău, 2016: CEP USM, 2016, 2016, SNE, SJE, pp. 155-157.
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Sesiune naţională de comunicări ştiinţifice studenţeşti:
SNE, SJE, 2016
Sesiunea "Sesiune naţională de comunicări ştiinţifice studenţeşti: "
Chişinău, Moldova, 21-22 aprilie 2016

The concept of peace in contemporary system of international relations


Pag. 155-157

Beglița Sveatoslav
 
Moldova State University
 
Disponibil în IBN: 5 iulie 2019


Rezumat

The most important question I want to discuss is: How do we perceive peace in the modern International Relations system? Does peace exist in contemporary world? In this study I will try to give a better explanation of peace, which, as we will see, is related to modern International system and, at the same time I will classify types of peace. Hence, this discussion will deal with what we mean when we talk about modern International System. I will start with the definition of peace. Peace is like an "umbrella concept", a general expression of human desires, of what is good, what is absolutely necessary for everybody. Humanity will always be heading for goals, some of them very concrete, some of them more abstract and diffuse, and "peace" seems to be one of the main goals of society. It represents a common goal for everybody, but its definition is absolutely different for everybody. Thus, first of all, I should mention that there is no a commonly accepted definition of this term, each of us perceives the meaning of peace in his own way. Talking about the conceptualization of peace, I will divide it in three categories of concepts, according to their perception of peace. First concept represents an idea of peace as a synonym for stability or equilibrium. This conception of peace also refers to internal soul condition of a human being, the person who is at peace with himself. In general, this concept does not exclude violence, when the soldier is in peace with himself but at the same time is on the battlefield. Then there is the idea of peace as the absence of organized collective violence, in other words violence between major human groups; particularly nations, but also between classes and between racial and ethnic groups because of the magnitude internal wars can have. I will refer to this type of peace as negative peace. But again, it is the organized group violence that the concept of peace excludes, not occasional outbursts, sporadic demonstrations and crowd behavior, etc. Then there is a third concept of peace, which I will define as a positive peace. This is peace as a synonym for all other good things in the world community, particularly cooperation and integration between human groups, with less emphasis on the absence of violence. This concept exclude major violence, any actions of fighting. This concept maximizes the notions of stability, law and order. The third concept of peace, represents it as a positive peace. For a better understanding of this concept, I will analyze the main pylons on which the peace is based on. Therefore, I would talk about the presence of cooperation, that means a great dealing, relationship, interaction between different nations, despite the territory and culture of states. Another thing is freedom from primary needs. All the nations if they want to keep peace, should offer the basic necessities to their citizens. Explaining what the main necessities are, I will nominalize food, water, clothes, medicine, security, democracy, freedom, rights, etc. Another thing is freedom from fear/terror, all nations should be sure in the next day, nobody should doubt on the peace of next day. Further, I will mention about economic development, not only the governments want to increase the economy of states, but also all the people want to increase their own economies. Everybody search for a better life, it isn’t necessary to survive but you can live. Justice is a base of peace too, it is impossible to keep peace without justice. It ensures the state of law, democracy, freedoms, rights, laws. Equality, all the nations have the right to be equal, to choose themselves what they want, to take place as an actor too in the international society, to be heard, to express their sovereignty, rights and not to be dominated. Freedom of actions, many people say that the freedom of actions creates an anarchy, but I am sure that if we want peace, all the individuals, states, should be free in their actions, they can choose what they want, they can select how to act, with what to be agreed and not. Last but not least pylon of peace is pluralism, here I can mention different types of pluralism: in opinions, in cultures, religions, traditions, acts, etc. Another thing that I want to mention in my study is the Theories of peace that try to show us, how we can achieve peace and what steps are necessary for achieving peace and harmony around the world, in societies. The first theory said that there are three steps for achieving peace: Balance of power, peace, development. I think that this theory could be adapted to a little bit another explanation today, in the century of globalization, I thing that the main balance of power, serve the International Organizations, that have a Universal connotation around the world. Another theory that I want to notice is that in which the main role in peacekeeping has the education. I want to propose something similar to this theory, I will replace the education with democratization. Another more radical theory considers that at the basis of peace should stay the similar or homogeneous states. Everybody of us should want peace, should ensure with peace his own life, family, relatives, friends etc. The state cannot ensure the society with peace, until the society would not want it or would be a negative oriented against peace, or would use violence, altogether forming the concept of peace. This is a good way to peace.