One of the important methods of accounting for economic activities of enterprises of a market economy are accounts, which determines the relevance and practical significance of this article. It gives a brief description of accounts, shows their types in accounting theory and practice, as well as links to double-entry business operations, reveals its control and cognitive value. The modern system of Moldovan accounting accounts was critically analyzed, proposals for its further development were made and justified in the context of transition to International Financial Reporting Standards.