Introduction Colchicum L. is a taxonomically very diffi cult genus of the Liliopsida classis. The circa 100 species of the genus Colchicum are unevenly distributed in the world. Most species are confi ned to limited regions, some of which are very rich in species. In the fl ora of the Republic of Moldova Colchicum L. genus is represented by two species Colchicum arenarium Waldst. et Kit. (=C. fominii Bordz.) and C. triphyllum G. Kunze. (1). Both species are included in the second edition of the Red Book of Republic of Moldova with the status Endangered (EN) (3). Despite this the distributional corological data as well as their populational characteristics were insuffi ciently known. Material and methods We fi rst reviewed all published information on the presence of these two taxa in the Republic of Moldova, and consulted documentation in herbaria. The taxon Colchicum fominii is now included in C. arenarium (2). During our investigation on the local fl ora in last decade we visited all sites from which these species have been reported, as well as a number of other sites at which they might potentially occur, we recorded geographical location, habitat and phenological data. Results and discussions During the fi eld expeditions in the 2009-2014 in the central parts of the republic some new locations for the Colchicum species were observed. For C. arenarium was detected a new location, near vill. Câzlar, Leova district. This perennial geophyte grows in the steppe of Stipa ucrainica and Festuca valesiaca communities. It blooms in autumn. The area of subpopulation is circa 1 ha, growing in small groups of 2-5 mature individuals with the density of 0,2-3 individuals per 1 m². The density is decreasing and the subpopulation is overall declining. For C. triphyllum were identifi ed two new locations, near town Cricova, mun. Chishinau and near vill. Tashlyk, Grigoriopol district. Both sites hold the biggest extant subpopulations of the species in the Republic of Moldova. The subpopulations are local and isolated and differ greatly in the number of individuals. The plants are found at a density of 1-3 individuals/m² on an overall surface of circa 2 ha. Conclusions Due to fractional deterioration of valuable grasslands, among the most important protection measures for the enabling the survival of these extremely vulnerable species are: monitoring the status of all existing subpopulations, highlighting and taking under protection of new growing sites, multiplication of the taxa in ex-situ conditions and their repatriation into native natural habitats. The main threats to these plants are afforestation, grazing, quarrying, etc.