Role оf electrolytic hydrogen in the efficiency increase of biomethane production
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COVALIOV, Victor, COVALIOVA, Olga. Role оf electrolytic hydrogen in the efficiency increase of biomethane production. In: Materials Science and Condensed Matter Physics, Ed. 7, 16-19 septembrie 2014, Chișinău. Chișinău, Republica Moldova: Institutul de Fizică Aplicată, 2014, Editia 7, p. 341.
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Materials Science and Condensed Matter Physics
Editia 7, 2014
Conferința "Materials Science and Condensed Matter Physics"
7, Chișinău, Moldova, 16-19 septembrie 2014

Role оf electrolytic hydrogen in the efficiency increase of biomethane production


Pag. 341-341

Covaliov Victor, Covaliova Olga
 
Moldova State University
 
 
Disponibil în IBN: 23 martie 2019


Rezumat

Biochemical production of biogas from the biomass of agroindustrial wastes is actual alternative energy trend. However, the biogas produced under the standard conditions of organic feedstock digestion, contains, along with methane, up to 35-40% carbon bioxide (СО2), which reduces its caloric value at its use in the heat-power engineering.  One of the tasks of biogas technology is intensification of methanogenesis and its efficiency increase in order to enhance methane yield in the biogas composition.    A complex approach to these problems resolving made it possible to identify new ways to improve biogas technology, due to the microadditives application of natural biologically active substances (BAS) related to the triterpene compounds class [MD Patent #4189]. This permitted to reach 2-2,5 -times increase in the rate  of biomass anaerobic digestion and to enhance methane yield up to 85-87% in biogas composition. Further increase in biomethane contents in biogas and the appropriate decrease in СО2 contents was ensured on the base of the kinetic studies of biochemical process. It was shown that along with the various biochemical reactions, the molecular biohydrogen starts to form at the initial acetogenic stage, followed by the formation of СО2 and СО, which at the methanogenic stage are transformed in biomethane, by the general type reaction: СО (or СО2) + 3 (or 4) Н2 → СН4 2О. It was found that the residual amount of СО2 in biogas is a consequence of the insufficient balance amount of hydrogen, formed at the acetogenic stage [MD Patent #4244]. According to the reaction stoichiochemistry and Le Chatelier principle, this process occurs with the partial pressure decrease in the system, therefore its conducting under the increased pressure in bioreactor is justified. With pressure increase to 3-7 atm and higher, which is equal to the increase in the reactants concentration, the yield in biomethane can be increased to 92-94 % under the test laboratory conditions.   In order to further decrease the residual amount of СО2 in biogas and make its quality closer to the natural gas, the possibility was studied to replenish the lack in Н2 in biochemical process by dosing of electrochemically generated hydrogen. Hydrogen evolving overvoltage is known to be one of the criteria of electrochemical process energetic efficiency. This value depends upon the properties of electrode surface.   The study of electrode potentials at the surface of alloys Ni-Re Ni-W, Ni-Mo and Ni, plated by chemical-catalytic reducing, has shown the essential decrease in hydrogen discharge overvoltage from water at these surfaces, which made, accordingly: -0,03 V; -0,045V; -0,06 V and -0,3÷-0,4 V. Application of three-dimensional flow-through electrodes made of expanded metals, having high specific active surface, allowed to propose the series of compact electrolysers [MD Patent #4207, #4206, #375] which can be incorporated in bioreactors. The combination of such intensifying factors as BAS introducing, pressure increase in bioreactor,  mass-exchange conditions improving and electrolytic hydrogen dosing in biochemical process made it possible to increase biomethane yield up to 95-97% and, therefore, enhance the biogas caloric value for its uses as fuel.