List of used building materials is very broad. Quantity and activity of radionuclide depends on the type of materials, their production conditions and on the importance to study the processing techniques, which varies within wide ranges. Basic building materials used in the Republic of Azerbaijan, such as cement, gypsum, lime, bricks, etc. mainly produced in different parts of Absheron peninsula. We can say that at the moment about 80% of cement used in the countryis produced from local raw materials. It is known that the annual dose of radiation exposure of the population is mainly external radiation. They are formed due to natural and artificial radionuclides in these materials, which creates a radiation background. To assess the radiation risk and clarify annual dose received by the population from building materials in the territory of Garadagh district radioecological state and radionuclide composition forming the background radiation in the area has been studied which is of great interest to our research. In the field of mining and production of building materials in the area of radiation risk assessment it has been studied the radioecological state of already produced and currently produced of building materials in the area of 100 hectares. The spectrum of these areas is very large and covers the territory of Gyuzdek, Shikhov, Bail, 1,2,3 Garadagh cement plant and polegony of Garadagh district. In the territory of each of them operate stone quarries. On par with the stone quarries in squares 1,2,3 of the Garadagh cement plant there are clinker production from limestone dust collected on these areas. In the processes of preparation of cement and clinker the concentration of radionuclides in the raw material increases slightly in the final product. In samples taken from bags of cement available in the sale of the brand M 300; 400 M equivalent dose is in the range of 10-15 mcR / hr. According to the measurements made and data obtained from the literature the average background radiation, capacity of the equivalent dose γ- radiation on the territory of Garadagh district is equivalent to 7-8 mcR / hr. Results of studies have shown that radiation ecological condition of some sections of clay in the territory of the stone quarry differ from background radiation. The radiation background in these areas sometimes reaches 20-25 mcR / hr. Long time production of oil-gas on the territory of Bail Garadagh district influence radiation background of the area by discrete changes. The radiation background of local sites contaminated with petroleum products is much higher than the natural background.