The most important task associated with oil mining, its transportation to the place of processing, delivery and storage is the observation of environmental safety rules, the main aspect of which are the measures connected with elimination of emergency spills in case of their occurrence. In spite of all prevention measures that are undertaken to prevent sudden spills it is not possible to prevent them totally. The priority task at the occurrence of such situations is immediate localization of pollution and its subsequent liquidation. There is big variety of materials intended for elimination of emergency oil and oil products spills, these materials are different by their nature and properties as well as by their cost. The materials that possess high adsorption capacity, are accessible and inexpensive and do not cause secondary pollution, are preferable. The main criterion determining the possibility of use of a material as a sorbent for oil and oil products is the presence of hydrophobic surface in its structure or the ability of the surface to hydrophobization. Fibrous waste of textile manufacturing that represent various mixture of polyacrylonitrile, polyether and woven fibers, were used in this work as the sorbent for oil and oil products. Their behavior in water and water suspension of oil and oil products (raw oil, mineral oils, kerosene, diesel oil, benzene and etc.) is investigated. It is established that they form non-stable suspension in water and if hydrocarbon pollutions are present in water, they become hydrophobic fast and float on the surface, gathering into a compact mass, where the oil product is localized, herewith its floatability is adsorbed condition is 7-10 days and the degree of purification of the surface is to the extent that even the rainbow film is absent on it. It is found that the capacity of fibrous sorbent is: on oil 10-12 g/g; on benzene 7-9 g/g; on diesel oil 8-1 g/g; on motor oil 9-1 g/g. The other important feature of the sorbent is its ability to be regenerated multiple times by compression of centrifuging without substantial loss of sorption capacity on oil product, herewith the “return” (yield) of oil products achieves the value of 80-90 %.