In the last few years, the methods of remote sensing of the troposphere with the use of acoustic waves have been developed intensively. In the acoustic methods, a directed signal transmitted into the atmosphere interacts with it during propagation. Radiation scattered by inhomogeneities or transmitted through the atmosphere is received with a receiving antenna, and its parameters are used to retrieve the atmospheric parameters. The main technical components required for acoustic sounding are a transmitting system (acoustic generator) of directional pulses transmission into a given region of the atmosphere and a ground-based sensitive receiving system of scattered signal recording and processing (radar, lidar, sodar, radiometer). For research of atmospheric processes and mechanisms in the atmosphere we applied acoustic generators based on de Laval nozzle, used in modern hail-suppression systems. The operating principle of an acoustic generator is to generate a vertically directed high-power acoustic wave by burning acetylene–air mixture in the combustion chamber located in the basement of the nozzle. An acoustic generator operates in the impulse-periodic mode with a repetition rate of 6 s. Parameters of the acoustic wave (speed, frequency, intensity, attenuation, dispersion) at the surface and at various altitudes are presented. After the instant of spark breakdown in the combustion chamber, the nozzle generates an acoustic wave with output excess pressure 3.8 kPa, which corresponds to the intensity 166 dB. The Mach number for the shock wave is 1.46. The impulse time is about 20 ms. The average impulse energy is about 600 kJ under total transformation of fuel energy into acoustic wave energy. The evaluation of possibility of using hail-suppression system for the acoustic sounding of atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) has been provided. The experiments were carried out during morning, daylight, evening, and night hours under the conditions of occurrence of ABL stratification of different types. The vertical temperature and wind velocity profiles for the ABL up to a height of 600 m were determined in real time with the aid of a sodar and a temperature profilemeter. The results of experimental studies of fluctuations in the azimuths and grazing angles of acoustic waves in the ABL are given. The results obtained are theoretically interpreted on the basis of the theory of anisotropic turbulence in the ABL.