Power generation from low-grade fuels and wastes processing using filtration combustion
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ALDOSHIN, Serghei, GLAZOV, Sergey, LEMPERT, David, SALGANSKY, Eugene. Power generation from low-grade fuels and wastes processing using filtration combustion. In: Ecological and environmental chemistry : - 2017, Ed. 6, 2-3 martie 2017, Chișinău. Chisinau, Republic of Moldova: Academy of Sciences of Moldova, 2017, Ediția 6, p. 96.
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Ecological and environmental chemistry
Ediția 6, 2017
Conferința "Ecological and environmental chemistry 2017"
6, Chișinău, Moldova, 2-3 martie 2017

Power generation from low-grade fuels and wastes processing using filtration combustion


Pag. 96-96

Aldoshin Serghei, Glazov Sergey, Lempert David, Salgansky Eugene
 
Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences
 
Disponibil în IBN: 11 martie 2019


Rezumat

Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences over the past few years has provided a major breakthrough in terms of creation and introduction of commercialized technologies and equipment for energy-efficient and environmentally friendly use of available low-calorie solid fuels, including biomass for the heat and electricity production. Studying the phenomenon of superadiabatic heating allowed to build another solid fuel gasification process. Technologies created on this basis are found on the two-stage scheme. In the first stage processed material is subjected to steam-gasification in the filtration combustion mode with super-adiabatic heating. Wherein the resulting energy product gas comprising hydrogen, carbon monoxide and in some cases hydrocarbons, is burnt in the second step in conventional devices to obtain thermal and electric energy. The gasification process under such scheme has high energy efficiency (95%) and allows recycling materials with a low content of fuel (95% ash) or with high humidity (70%). By increasing the efficiency, it becomes an effective use in the power production, together with the carbon alternative fuels: industrial and household waste, high-ash fuels, biofuels - peat, wood and agriculture wastes. The process is characterized by high ecological purity compared to direct combustion. Filtration combustion in countercurrent allows effective mass transfer compounds. With this particular it is possible to implement a completely new process of extracting precious metals and their compounds in the wave of filtration combustion. Thus in one combustion process two industrial processes combined: the formation of the energy synthesis gas, which can be used to produce energy, and isolating the desired product from the reaction zone and its concentration in the solid residue. It has showed that in the conditions of wave of filtration combustion it is possible to extract compounds of metals such as zinc, cadmium, molybdenum and others. It offers challenge for the technological feasibility of filtration combustion to extract valuable elements from a variety of traditional and non-traditional sources (the poor ores, waste production, heavy oil residues, coal wastes etc.). Institute in the framework of public-private partnership designed and developed pilot samples of gasificators with capacity of 15 000 tones / year (up to 2 MW of electrical power), for the energy use of low-grade fuels, which tests confirmed the advantages of the process, including environmental. Currently the second generation of reactors with the stable combustion front is under development. Other equipment, including energy and cleaning equipment are usually recruited from the existing, available in production.