Aerosols have a significant impact on climate in both the global and regional scale; they affect the development of ecosystems and human health. Vigorous activity has resulted in a significant change in the composition of the atmosphere; in particular, the aerosol load on it has increased. Aerosol particles contained in the atmosphere can impact climate directly (absorbing and scattering radiation) and indirectly (affecting and changing the cloud properties). The indirect effect is attributed to the fact that aerosols act as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) and ice nuclei and thus influence the cloud albedo, lifetime, and other cloud properties [1]. The indirect effect of aerosols represents the most uncertain components in the future climate scenarios. A challenge in quantifying the indirect effect of aerosols is the assessment of both the spatial and temporal variation in CCN. The fact that an aerosol acts as a CCN and activates to form cloud droplets is determined by both its size and chemical composition. Artificial ice-forming aerosols used for active impacts on atmospheric processes constitute a particular case of aerosols. These impacts are performed for the protection of agricultural crops and industrial facilities from hail and for the simulation of artificial precipitation. In this case, it is important to study the properties of aerosols under natural conditions or under laboratory conditions simulating conditions that are as close as possible to natural. To solve this problem, i.e., simulation of real conditions of operation of aerosol generators, a technique based on the use of a stand composed of a small horizontal aerodynamic tube has been proposed. The stand has been designed and constructed at the Gitsu Institute of Electronic Engineering and Nanotechnologies of the Academy of Science of Moldova [2]. The supplementation of this technique with an optical method with automated data handling for the characterization of aerosols under specific conditions of a climate chamber allows testing any type of full-size pyrotechnical generators of ice-forming aerosols that are currently used both in activities on the protection of agricultural crops from hail damage and in operations (experiments) on the modification of precipitation. The principal specific features of our technique are the employment of real full-size rockets for aerosol generation under laboratory flight-simulating conditions and the integration of an optical interferometry method for a fast and reliable characterization of aerosol particles in an artificially controlled environment within a climate chamber. The combination of these features is unique in the scope of impacting on atmospheric processes, which makes it possible to test pyrotechnic compositions at a previously inaccessible level of validity. Based on the developed technique, the properties of the simulated cloud environment have been studied to obtain more information about fog dissipation processes. These studies have made it possible to examine the effect of ice-forming and artificial aerosols on the model cloud environment and compare the results with the data of the previous studies.