In this communication, we intend to describe the moment when imagology departed from comparative literature and became a separate discipline, having its own object of study and a distinct, specific methodology. Although, literary imagology functions today as a particular discipline, it is still interdisciplinary in relation to comparative literature, since it originally evolved in the "Littérature Comparée". As a critical study of national characterizations, imagology profiled in the years following the Second World War in the comparative literature. Literary imagology has been particularly prominent in universities in France, Germany, then Spain, Portugal, and later in the USA. Evidence of the seriousness of discipline lies in the multitude of fruitful research and international conferences in the field over the last twenty-thirty years. Among the preoccupations of literary imagology, apart from studying the images or representations of the alien, are also Feminism, Identity, Exotism, etc. Since its appearance in the 1950s to the present stage, literary imagology has gone through various impediments, through various ups and downs, but studies of this field have never been abandoned altogether. That is why today we have a discipline that is studied in various large and small universities, and a number of researchers from all corners of the world.