The library of the National Museum of Ethnography and Natural History is a part of system of scientific libraries in the Republic of Moldova. By its type and purpose, this library was the first one to present information, systematically and centralized, about the museum books. Concept of the library means the collection of books and manuscripts set in a certain order, and, also, an institution that collects books, journals, manuscripts etc. to be used by readers. Library of Zemstvo Museum was created in 1889, simultaneously with the Museum foundation. At the same time when relics and exhibits for the museum were collected, the completion of books from Bessarabian donators began. These books had a double significance: acquired as museum exhibits, they were the part of the Museum library. Creation of the Museum library started when the agricultural exhibition was organized in Chişinău in 1889. Zemstvo of Bessarabia aimed this exhibition to stimulate development of agriculture and industry in Bessarabia. All the literature in the Zemstvo of Bessarabia Museum Library, which in 1916-1917 counted more than 2030 volumes, had the scientific character. It means that to 1917 Zemstvo of Bessarabia Museum Library became a scientific center of studying of the most complicating problems in zoology, comparative anatomy, geology, mineralogy and paleontology, botanic and forestry, gardening, wine growing and culture, physics and meteorology, crafts and classic handicraft.