In the present study, the author, based on unpublished archival data concludes that tsarism promoted in the newly annexed province an imperial colonial policy. This can be demonstrated by the attitude the imperial administration had to some privileged categories of the population, especially to „mazili” and „ruptashi”. The author notes that even though „mazili” enjoyed certain privileges, the imperial administration couldn’t agree and did everything possible to suppress this social category. This measure coincided with Russian imperial policy of unifying the administrative and social organization in the newly annexed province. The process produced based on their gradual elimination, particularly of „mazili”, from various administrative and economical functions and undermining their social prestige. With time, the rights of „mazili” were limited, being forced to perform local benefits and pay different dues along with ordinary tax-payers. As a result, some of them, for failure to present in time documents certifying their social origin, or for various infringements, were transferred to the category of peasants, while others ruined and dissolved in related social categories of the peasantry. Despite this, even after its suppression as a social category, „mazili” continued to keep its identity and the distinctive social and spiritual features. If „mazili” had a more compact social and ethnic composition, the structure of „ruptashi” was quite diverse and motley, including local and foreign elements, transferred from abroad to Moldova into rural peasantry, but also from autochthonous townsmen, which were not included in the privileged groups of society, did not have permanent residence and were not enrolled in the category of tax-payers, enjoyed some privileges based on gift cards issued by the ruler. According to legal status, „ruptashi” were divided into three basic categories: „ruptaşi themselves”, pantry „ruptashi” and „ruptashi” of the treasury, which economically and socially differed very little from each other. Although, unlike other categories of peasants, „ruptashi”enjoyed at the beginning, certain privileges, they did not constitute a privileged category Tsarism could rely on, as it was ascertained in the soviet historiography. By time, even those petty privileges they enjoyed, exemptions from local benefits and corporal punishment without trial sentence, were canceled. As a result most of them were ruined and fell into dependence on landowners and the state. But even in such circumstances, by the „Regulation on the rights of property of residents of Bessarabia” of 10 March 1847, „mazili” and „ruptashi” from Bessarabia were liquidated as a social and fiscal category, being included into Russian „odnodvortsy”, which had seriously affected the social and legal state of these social / fiscal categories of the population.