This article approaches some conceptual and content-related issues regar-ding the political and civil society, which are two basic categories of contempo-rary political science. The author proposes a review of the main theoretical co-ncerns regarding the present political and civil society in the history of political thought since antiquity. At the same time, some needed clarifications are made for both concepts, of civil and political society, as well as their role in social li-fe. It is shown that in many cases the two concepts do not appear sufficiently clearly formulated in the works of different thinkers. Particular attention is given to the examination of the relationship between political society and civil society, and is specified the interdependence and mu-tual influence between these two entities. It is also emphasized the interference between the state and civil society. State, which represents the main institution of the political system, must be involved primarily in the creation and impleme-ntation of a democratic regulatory and institutional framework, favorable to the establishment and operation, for both its specific structures, as well as for its civil society organizations, as indispensable factor of social democratization. In this sense, the article describes the levels of civil society organizations’ partici-pation in decision-making, some mechanisms of interaction between public aut-horities and civil society organizations in decision-making in Moldova, the ne-cessity of state involvement in the development and the implementation of deve-lopment strategies for civil society. The author reiterates the idea that, while the political society encompasses government sphere, all institutions, structures, mechanisms of power, then the civil society embodies nongovernmental filed of the democratic political life. Under these conditions, political pluralism is a prerequisite to participation in the various components of civil society in the democratic governance of the state. The article concludes that contemporary society is structured in three com-ponents: political (the main state institutions), also called the „first” sector of society, the economic component / business, the „second” sector of the society, and the component of the civil society, which is the „third” non-profit sector, that legitimize or amend the other two components, and multiply the means of expression of interest, allowing the recruitment and training of new leaders. Civil society organizations (NGOs, trade unions, the media, churches, and other civic organizations etc.) are involved in decisions making regarding the social development and decisions of public interest. Civil society is a term that descry-bes the associative apolitical formations, which are not parts of the fundamen-tal state institution or business sector, therefore the civil society is placed in the „niche” between the two sectors of society