The new economic and political realities faced by the Republic of Moldova, at the moment, generates the change of the forms and directions of migration flows. In this way, today, we can assert that Moldova has become one of the ma-jor states whose population migrates to work to Europe. Labor migration, cer-tainly, is a direct consequence of the big differences in living conditions and re-muneration between the Republic of Moldova and Western Europe. This often becomes a challenge to both regional security and the security of Europe as whole. In this article the couses, tendencies and effects of labor migrations from the Republic of Moldova are examined, and also the structural characteristics of the new migration wave, and the migrants’ major destination countries, with a particular emphasis on the European space.