In this article, we analyze the possibility of composing the history of literature, applying the political criterion to the literary phenomenon. That’s why, we point the proposals of the literary critic Ion Simuț to systematize the post-war literature in four categories: opportunistic, evasive, subversive and dessident literature. In view of this systematization, the critic takes into account the writer’s attitude towards the Soviet regime, considering it appropriate to treat literature that involves different aesthetic mentalities and social behaviors separately, so that the image of an era is not distorted in a particular way. Simuț’s approach to the history of the post-war literature, from the perspective of new methods and research techniques appropriate to its evolution, completes the field of literary studies with new materials and personalities. The period of the post-war dictatorship, in the interpretations of some literary critics, which are indicated in this article, represented in the history of Romanian literature a formalised devastation of national dignity, subjectivism and freedom of expression.