Romania has the highest rates of poverty among children and some categories of families (in particular single-parent families, families with three or more children, Roma families) but has, at the level of the EU countries, the lowest budget allocations for the social protection of the family and the child. Demographic decline adds to the main long-term risks, with the most recent projections for 2050 being more pessimistic than those made in past decades. The analysis tries to identify to what extent the current family policies can respond to societal challenges regarding family protection, can contribute to increasing the quality of life of families and, implicitly, to reducing demographic decline. The most vulnerable categories of families will also be identified and the types of support available or planned to be implemented will be identified, from the perspective of adequacy to the needs of these families. Both existing programs and those to be implemented in the medium term, especially through the National Recovery and Resilience Plan, are considered, from the perspective of their relevance and potential impact. Eurostat and INS data are used, secondary data from previous research projects, but also administrative data from central public institutions that implement programs or projects for families or children. Another component of the analysis concerns the strategies and action plans at the level of ministries and other central structures relevant to the family field, from the perspective of the adequacy of the programs or interventions proposed in relation to the main challenges of family protection.