The problem of farm succession is one of the most important in agriculture sector and requires further in-depth research. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to discover the impact of environmental and economic performance on decisions concerning succession in Poland’s farms. We used the results of surveys carried out in 121 farms from the Wielkopolska region (Poland). Structural equation modelling (SEM) was then applied for analysis. We discovered that the environmental variable negatively influenced the farm`s successor. At the same time, economically stronger farms, i.e., those where there were more successors, exerted greater environmental pressure. However, farms without a successor did not achieve more favourable environmental results in all measures. Moreover, a more profitable economic farm situation favoured the ownership of a successor. This was verified through the structural equation, as well as indicators. At the same time, the research confirmed that the higher age of the farm manager positively influences the decision on farm succession. Our research indicated the need to create incentives for taking over farms. This involves broader support for the transfer of farms, consolidation programmes, or even stronger incentives for young farmers. As for the environmental issues, it would be advisable for the environmental programmes to have a longer action horizon. In addition, further research on the impact of economic and environmental factors on farm succession issues should be carried out using individual focus studies. Analyses of problems of succession would allow gaining a deeper knowledge of the relationship between economic and environmental activities related to the transfer of agricultural holding.