Role of dykes in flood risk mitigation. Case study: Republic of Moldova. The Republic of Moldova is characterized by a high flood risk. In the last two decades the floods are a part of the category of the most frequent natural disasters from the territory of the Republic of Moldova according to the international database CRED/EM-DAT. The dykes are one of the main technical measures for flood mitigation. In the Republic of Moldova the status of dyke is getting worse from one year to the next due to their poor maintenance; the dykes construction among Nistru and Prut rivers began in 1950, but among their tributary rivers (Bîc, Raut, Botna) in the middle of the ’50th of the XX century. In 2012 was rehabilitated 50 km of dykes by the Ministry of Environment with the support of the National Ecological Fund. The strengthening of financial capacities in this field is very important. The floods from 2010 once again demonstrated that the dykes role, and hydrotechnical constructions in general, is very important in flood mitigation. Dyke failure from Nemteni village, Hîncești district was the main cause of the catastrophic floods from this region – the whole village Cotul Morii was affected, and partially was flooded other 3 villages-Obileni, Nemteni, Sarateni.