The drought impact on the Republic of Moldova’s agricultural sector in 2012. Damage caused by strong droughts is very high for the national economy. Only droughts of 2007 and 2012 caused losses estimated at about 1.0 and US $ 1.25 billion respectively. The consequences are determined both by the degree of drought intensity, duration, and the affected area. In Moldova drought leads primarily to large losses of agricultural production. The author presents in tabular form rainfall and yield per hectare during the driest main cereal crops for a period of 65 years. The following case study argues the impact of drought on the agricultural sector in 2012 national agrometeorological detailed characterization of drought, make the following conclusions: a) Selianinov hydrothermal coefficient (HTC), which characterizes the wetting of the territory, was for the period from June to September the average value of 0.5, which corresponds to the severe drought and strong. During the months of June-July 2012 hydrothermal coefficient on almost the whole country within the values ranged from 0.10.5; b) average yield of winter wheat in the country in 2012 was 16.9 ch / ha, being lower by 9-10 ch / ha than the average harvest for the last 10 years; c) late harvest main crops (corn, sunflower, sugar beet, tobacco, fruit trees) in 2012 was the lowest, or compromised in bulk (average yield of maize grain in the country was 10, 3 ch / ha, or 30% of the average harvest for the last 10 years). A very serious situation created also in the livestock sector.