The climate of the area between the Eastern Carpathians and the Dniester is temperate of transition and only in its southern part, is temperate continental (the steppe). Predominates Azoric anticyclone, followed by Euro-Asian anticyclone, Atlantic, Mediterranean and retrograde cyclones. Relief is diverse, from the mountains, in west, to plains in southeast, with predominance of the hills. The major relief of Europe in the west of the studied area and especially the Carpathians, exerts a barrage for western circulation. Under these conditions, the climate has aridity influences. In this paper has been analyzed frequency and duration of the dryness and drought periods and aridity phenomenon. Periods of dryness and drought occur at any time during the year, with frequencies and maximum durations in the second half of the summer and the first half of the fall. Aridity influences are due not to the amount of precipitation, which is moderate, to the reduced number of precipitation days, to its torrential character, and high evapotranspiration.