The paper describes water resources of Georgia, characterizing them from historical point of view and demonstrating their contemporary role for the country. The discussion further refers to water monitoring system in Georgia, featuring both modern and old irrigation systems used in the country. Various anti-drought rituals practiced in old times are also listed in the paper. Drinking water supply system of ancient times together with old and modern water treatment methods are sufficiently detailed. Parallels are drawn between what alchemists and Georgian King, Vakhtang VI, thought of drinking water purity. Among water treatment plants, Vakhtang VI named swamp plants. In the 21st century, scientists have already proven the importance of artificial wetlands in sewage and wastewater treatment. Vakhtang VI refers to „water― in various meanings and, like King Philip II of Spain, describes a method, according to which, rose petals, cloves, cinnamon, amber, oak bark and 12 other ingredients should be placed in water. Such water was meant to stand for 15 days. However, it is not clear what was the purpose of using it. The Georgian king also describes the method of preparation of „body whitening water―. However, whitening the body is likely to mean body healing. The vegetation were mentioned by King Vakhtang in different context as well, noting that the presence of algae in rivers indicated to various problems. The same were declared by alchemists in medieval era, however, no one would specify what was meant. In fact, it was about eutrophication process. The paper investigates whether the same issues are faced by the modern science, that were noted in the book by the Georgian king and specifically, what method of water purification was preferred by him. Ancient Georgian baths and material for water utensil production are also reviewed in the article.