Water is the environmental factor with the greatest impact on the health of the population, given the permanent vital need for its presence for physiological, biochemical processes in the human body, as well as for hygienic and household needs. The purpose of the paper is to determine the chemical composition and the influence of drinking water on the health of the population in the city of FăleĢti. The physico-chemical analysis of drinking water aims to determine the natural components of water, as well as those caused by pollution. As a result, the control of drinking water quality was performed by performing current, complete and special analyzes, depending on the purpose of the research. The most common are pesticides, detergents, lead, nitrates and fluoride, the presence of which in the water signals a risk of disease for the consuming population. The study determined an increase of the hardness index over 14 mg/dm3, in the wells in the city of Falesti. Water hardness, with concentrations higher than 12 mg/dm3, favors the appearance of osteoarthritis, osteopathies, renolithiasis, cholelithiasis. Also, with the increase of the average allowable concentration of the indices that determine the mineralization (calcium, sodium, magnesium, hydrogen carbonates), is observed the increase of glycemia and uric acid in the body. The hardness of water favors the dissolution in water of some metals such as: cadmium, cobalt, nickel, chromium, manganese, which, in turn, have a negative action on the cardiovascular system. Ca, Mg compounds are the major determinant of hardness, which have a favorable effect. The results of this study determined a high level of nitrates and nitrites in the waters of the wells, which is the etiological factor in the occurrence of acute disorders of the population's health. Conclusions: Drinking water from the wells of FăleĢti does not fully meet the standards. Indices of alkalinity, hardness, fixed residue, ammonium concentration exceed the norm; but pH indices, nitrate concentration, the concentration of chlorine and sulfates corresponds to the norm. This imbalance of water quality indices leads to metabolic disorders, the formation of stones and the gradual onset of other pathologies.