This article is an analysis of the public debt in Romania, in the context of the current economic development of the EU, in the framework of a market economy where the challenges resulting from public debt level increase or from the influence of possible external factors lead to the maximization of the indebtedness risk. In this context, the economic policy to be approached at the level of the European Union needs to also consider the consequences of the economic growth at global level, which continues marked by uncertainty and due to the fact that major gaps continue to exist among various regions. Given that economies are confronted with unforeseen events, which can result in the emergence of economic crises, the strategies applied in the field of public debt need to also consider its vulnerability, the states' financial situation, as well as the impact on world economy.