In the conditions of globalization, the Republic of Moldova is evolving on a sustainable development path. In their evolution, Moldova faces a series of long-term challenges and trends, which will have significant consequences in the coming decades. The energy system produces a useful effect for society, but also consumes resources, influences the environment and creates waste. The development of the energy sector in the Republic of Moldova must simultaneously pursue economic, social and ecological objectives. In order to achieve these objectives, the elements of sustainable development must be placed in the center of attention, such as efficiency of economic activities, poverty and income redistribution, targeted assistance, environmental assessment, biodiversity, pollution, economic and social stability.