In Romania, the property right is guaranteed and protected by the Constitution. According to the provisions of art. 17 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union, it is an economic right and a fundamental human right. The cadastre represents the tool and database of the modern legal system. In this article I intended to present the current situation regarding the protection and observance of the property right, a fundamental human right. The cadastre and the land book are the instruments with the help of which the property right is protected and guaranteed. The investigation tool was a mix of thorough technical and chronological documentation, qualitative and logical research. The objective of the cadastre and real estate advertising is to prevent and solve the problems related to the establishment of the property right, its defense before the state institutions and third parties, being a fair arbitrator.