The article analyzes the contemporary diplomatic activities regarding the medical system. It reveals a confusing field of diplomatic activities, adding a series of health threats, a proliferation of actors, a complex and multiple set of diplomatic processes and controversies about what constitutes diplomacy in the medical system. To clarify contemporary health diplomacy, it examines how health threats, concepts and mechanisms arise in different diplomatic contexts. The article ends with thoughts about the future of international relations, which probably will not continue on a trajectory, because health has become an increasingly important issue in diplomatic efforts.