The article is devoted to the study of the kappa-casein locus in cows of the brown Swiss breed of the SKHPK "Verkhnemalkinsky" of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic. The farm has its own workshop for the production of various dairy products. The resulting dairy products are popular not only in the republic itself, but also abroad. The studied locus of kappa-casein showed that it most often contains two alleles associated with high milk productivity (CSN3A) and its cheese suitability (CSN3B). Only one animal was found to have the CSN3C allele. The CSN3E allele was completely absent. In the studied population of brown Swiss cows, an imbalance in the genetic balance at the kappa-casein locus was noted (2=6,66; df=1; P<0,01), which is associated with the prevalence of homozygous genotypes. The influence of the homozygous CSN3B/B genotype on the cheeseability of milk was shown. It is recommended to control the genetic structure of herds for kappa-casein, to use bulls with CSN3A/B and CSN3B/B genotypes in breeding activities. Historical issues on the production of Adyghe cheese and its storage, as well as aspects related to the "islands of civilizations surrounded by land" are discussed.