Drought and nutrient deficiency are major abiotic factors that limits crop production. This study determined the effect of phosphorus (P) and rhizobacteria application on root system development of soybean plants subjected to P deficiency and drought. The P application alone or in combination with bacteria strains (Pseudomonas fluorescence and Azotobacter chroococcum) increased total roots length irrespective of soil moisture. Root growth of cultivar Horboveanca responded more evidently to treatment with rhizobacteria than cultivar Zodiac under P deficiency. Thus, the experimental results demonstrated that the effectiveness of integrated use of P and rhizobacteria (Pseudomonas fluorescence and Azotobacter chroococcum) promotes roots development of soybean plants under normal soil moisture as well as under temporary drought.