At the beginning of XX century, Naturalists Society was created in Bessarabia, whose activity was based not only on research in the field of natural sciences, but also, on overcoming of higher education institutions lack in the peripheral province of Russian Empire. BNNSAS provides a multidimensional activity: research; dissemination of information through conferences, lectures, journals, library; musicology; composition of scientific bibliography in the field of natural sciences with reference to Bessarabia. BNNSAS gathered around notorious scientific personalities who rose at a new level the research in the field of natural sciences, as well as sensitized the issues requiring urgent solution: environmental protection, creation of state protected areas, efficient agriculture, establishment of higher education institutions in Bessarabia, etc. Of course, largely composition of society was formed by Russian and Jewish ethnic researchers, but the Romanian ones was also present (Porucic T., P. Gore and others), who continued the activity in the next interwar period.