Physical and chemical properties of nanomaterials, in their majority, differ from those of solid materials and strongly depend on the dimensions and geometric shape of nanoparticles. The changes of properties occurs when nanocrystal dimensions are less or of order of magnitude as the Bohr radius for the given substance. PbTe nanocrystals were obtained by using two chemical methods: solvatothermal synthesis and high temperature solution phase synthesis. Solvatothermal method of nanoparticles fabrication consists in solid substance preparation in a closed autoclave system by using organic compounds (polivinilpirrolidon, polietilenglucol) as solvent at temperatures higher than 1000C. The lead acetate Pb(CH3COO)2 · H2O served as a source of lead and TeO2, Te - as a source of tellurium. By using this method and by varying the synthesis conditions, such as molar ratio of components, molar masses of the surfactants, fabrication temperature, nanoparticles of different sizes were obtained. The nanoparticles purification was performed in ethanol and water and then their separation by centrifugation was done. Maximum efficiency of this method is 60%. The obtained nanoparticles were not monodisperse and there dimensions ranged from 20 nm to 300 nm. High temperature solution phase synthesis includes the following steps: preparation of the lead oleate by heating the mixture of lead acetate and oleic acid in the solvent. This solution was heated in vacuum for 5-6 hours to remove acetic acid formed. Afterwards a rapidly injecting of telluride trioctilphosphyne solution in the mixture containing lead oleate occurs. At this moment the nucleation and then nanoparticle synthesis occurs. A solvent containing hexane, anhydrous ethanol and acetone was prepared to purify the nanoparticles. Further separation of nanoparticles was performed by centrifugation. After precipitation the nanoparticles are isolated and re-suspended in chloroform, hexane and trichloroethilene, following ultrasound treatment to form stable colloidal solutions, which were later used in the preparation and characterization of samples. Estimated dimensions of nanocristals obtained by this method were of 3-10 nm. In the experiment the particle size dependence of the temperature was observed. Thus, at the temperature of 2000C the nanoparticles had dimensions of 10 nm, at 1800C - 7.2 nm, at 1600C 6.6 nm and at 1400C - 3 nm. The nanoparticles morphology was studied by using HRTEM Philips microscope. X-ray diffraction was studied for to identify the materials present in the samples. From the diffraction pattern it was determined that nanoparticles had a cubic structure with a lattice of a = 0.646 nm, corresponding to PbTe compound. No peaks corresponding to other phases were recorded, thus demonstrating the high purity of the synthesized nanoparticles. The thermoelectric and galvanomagnetic properties of nanoparticles obtained by both methods were investigated in the range of 77-350 K. To study the PbTe nanopowder, there were made samples of rectangular shape by pressing. By comparing the concentration temperature dependence of the crystalline sample and that of nanopowder, one can observe that at low temperatures charge carries concentration both in crystals and in nanopowder is practically the same ~ 3·1013 cm-3. With further temperature increase the concentration in the nano-sample increases more rapidly and at 300 K the difference is one order (1017 cm-3 - in crystal and 1018 cm-3 - in nanopowder). The activation energy of charge carriers in crystalline sample is Eg1=0,19 eV and in the nanocrystal is practically the same and equals Eg2= 0,21 eV. A comparative study of electrical conductivity allowed to observe that at low temperatures, up to T ≈ 90 K the conductivity of nano-sample is smaller than in the crystalline sample by an order of magnitude, then the conductivity nano-sample is growing faster and reaches 3,5 Ω-1·cm-1 at a temperature of 300K. One should note that if in the galvanomagnetic characteristics both of nano and crystalline samples the general trend is respected, only orders of magnitudes ranging, than the dependencies of thermoelectric coefficient in the corresponding samples essentially differ. In nano-samples at low temperatures up to 110 K a sudden increase of thermoelectric coefficient was observed, and then, in a wide temperature range up to 300 K, it remains almost constant. In the crystalline samples this dependence growth range is much larger and has a more pronounced curve peak. It follows that nanomaterials has a stronger influence on thermoelectric properties, than on galvanomagnetic.