Romanian literature has the vocation of a European literature, this is why during the affirmation of it’s spiritual and artistic identity process, we can attest an evident tendency to contextualize with this poly system. It is a complex process because of the diverse roles played be European literatures as emerging or receiving literatures. Being a receptive one, the Romanian literature of the 19th century, period when modernism was built and stated, has endured a wave of extension, intercepting generously ideas and esthetic formulas due to it’s regeneration necessity and to it’s quality avouchment. But within this process was identified a response of rejection towards some of the extern novelties due to the fact that they devaluated the native literature traditions, especially the basics of the Romanian spirituality. Also Romanian writers expressed an non modern state of mind, taking with criticism the rigid and inadequate modern. The representative writers of the time had been aware of the spirit of their century and created like the veritable moderns with discernment criticism, meaning anti modern, according to the concept of the French theoretician A. Compagnon. The anti-modern is a complex and engaging manifestation of the 19th century writers, which influenced the critical process of the asserting of the Romanian literature during the modern epoch and represents a proof of it’s validation.