In the article "Participation of the Gagauz in political processes in Bessarabia in 1917 and during the Romanian occupation of 1918-1940", for the first time, an analysis of a little-studied topic related to political processes in the Gagauz villages of Southern Bessarabia is carried out. In 1918, the Gagauzians unexpectedly found themselves in Romania - in a country with a completely different political and economic structure and culture, where they faced nationalism in relation to national minorities. The situation of the Gagauzians was aggravated by the fact that by the beginning of the 20th century they had not formed a national intelligentsia, as a result of which the Gagauzians turned out to be one of the most defenseless national minorities in Romania. Most of the peasants from the Gagauz villages were illiterate and did not speak Romanian. In the 30s, the Romanian political parties operating on the territory of Bessarabia managed to involve a number of peasants who had no idea about the political programs of these parties into the ranks of the liberal party, the Tsaranist party, the Kuza-Gogi party, the Iron Guard, and legionnaires. After the coming of Soviet power, members of these Romanian parties were repressed by the NKVD as collaborators.