Consideration of the theoretical background of examining such a topic as traditions (fundamental principles) of upbringing among Jews of the Republic of Moldova is presented in three essential aspects. Firstly, we have comprehended the fi ve principles of Jewish upbringing identifi ed by G. Kahn, a famous modern Swiss educationalist and psychologist. Secondly, we have considered very signifi cant materials which are not directly touched upon in the works by G. Kahn, applying special tools. The materials we refer to is the biblical Decalogue. The tools we have mentioned are the components of our previous research, including the concept of humanization of myth, the constants of Jewish folklore identifi ed by us, etc. Considering the Decalogue in the context of the work implemented by the mythological consciousness of the people guided by Moses, we have identifi ed eight fundamental principles of Jewish upbringing. Thirdly, the content of a number of principles revealed by us has been partially verifi ed for authenticity exactly with respect to Moldavian Jews – by fi nding a correlation with the ideas by M. Gershenzon, a native of Chisinau, a prominent fi gure of the Silver Age.