Two factors: drought and disease (smut) can significantly reduce the main indicators of productivity and grain quality of millet. Our research was aimed to study the possibility of combining in one genotype drought and smut resistance. Experimental material comprised of five Ukraine varieties of millet Omriyane, Kharkivske 57, Konstantinovske, IR 5, Slobozhanske. Water stress was applied through six concentrations of PEG (6000 MW) (0,0% (control), 11,5%, 15,3%, 19,6%, 23,5% and 28,9%), with osmotic stress 0,0 (control) -1.9, - 3.1, - 4.8, - 6.6 and - 9.7 bars, respectivly. It was estimated the level of resistance to 13 smut races of these varieties. Results of this study revealed that water stress had significant negatively effects on seed germination, root and shoot system of proso millet on the 6th day. Water stress induced by PEG 6000 23,5% had significant negatively effects on seed germination of millet, the number of germinated seeds was low 50%. At concentration of solution PEG 6000 -3.1 and -4.8 bars, the varieties Slobozhanskoe and Omriyane were characterized a high adaptive ability of the root system to drought of all genotypes. At the water stress induced by PEG -6.6 bar strongly suppressed the length of shoot of millet, while the root system continued to develop more actively. In breeding for drought resistance root lenth/shoot lenth ratio plays a maijor role. In the control this index is one. Varieties Konstantinovske and Slobozhanske had the lowest root lenth/shoot length ratio 2,58 and 2,61, respectively. Omriyane (3,54) and IR 5 (3,31) had maximum deviation from one. It is studied genetic inheritance of smut resistance to 6 races (Rs Rs 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9). Genotypes Kharkivske 57 (susceptible to all smut races) and Omriyane (carrying dominant genes of smut resistance to races Rs Rs 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11) was crossed. In this combination, F2 millet plants segregated with a ratio of 3:1 for smut races Rs 1, Rs 4 and Rs 9. It suggested monogenic inheritance of this trait. Smut resistance to race Rs5, Rs6 и Rs7 was controlled by dublicate dominant genes, with a dihybrid ratio of 15:1.