Introduction. Injury due to foreign body aspiration (FBA) is a common and serious pediatric emergency, requiring prompt recognition and early treatment to minimize the potentially serious and sometimes fatal consequences. FBA continues to be a cause of childhood morbid ity and mortality, usually in pre school children. Aim of the study. Case assesment of FBA in children based upon age, gender, locality and level of respiratory tract lesion. Materials and methods. The cohort study included 106 patients hospitalized betwee n 2011 2016 in Pneumology Department, Mother and Child’s Institute of the Republic of Moldova, diagnosed with FBA, confirmed via bronchoscopy performed with general inhalative anesthesia. Foreign body extraction was carried out by means of rigid bronchos copy after thorough aspiration and prevention of mucosal bleeding. Statistics were assessed using the EpiInfo software. Results. It was established that pediatric FBA in the respiratory tract is more frequent among girls 57.5%: 95CI, 47.6 67.1 cases (61 girls) and 42.5%: 95CI, 32.9 52.4 cases (45 boys). The average age (aa) was 1.9±0.17 years, varying between 0.6 14 years. The batch was divided into 3 groups according to childhood stages: 1) the most frequent FBA was estimated in toddlers 88.9%: 95 CI, 81.1 94 cases, aa 1.57±0.06 years; 2) in children > 3y.o. 8.5%: 95CI, 4 15.5 cases, aa 6.4±1.1 years; 3) and it was rare ly found in infants 2.8%: 95CI, 0.6 15.5 cases, aa 0.76±0.11 years (F statistic = 93.5; p<0,0001). There was a prevalence of accidental FBA in children from countryside 67%: 95CI, 57.2 75.8 cases, less often this event occured in children from urba n areas 24.5%: 95CI, 16.7 33.8 cases and episodically in children from municipalities (8.5%: 95CI, 4 15,5 cases). The majority of foreign bodies were found in the bronchial tree 89.6%: 95CI, 82.2 94.7 cases; without designation in 6 5.7%: 95C I, 2.1 11.9 cases; in trachea and larynx 2 and 3 cases (1.9%: 95CI, 0.2 6.6 and 2.8%: 95CI, 0.6 8). Conclusions. FBA prevails in girls 57.5%: 95CI, 47.6 67.1 cases. The most vulnerable age is from 1 to 3 y.o. when children are more often exposed to habitual accidents (statistic factor = 93.5; p<0,0001). There is evidence of a critical situation in the rural areas, compared to the urban ones. By localization the most frequent lodgment of foreign bodies was in the bronchi.