The challenges of the modern society that are placed in front of the educational system and in front of the teachers in the Republic of Moldova substantially determine their motivation and involvement in the educational process. The basic reforms carried out in the education system of the Republic of Moldova recently were based on a set of policies aimed at regulating and adapting this process to the requirements and needs of the modern society, also supporting, stimulating teachers in achieving a qualitative and continuous educational process. This article reveals aspects specific to the initial and continuous training of teachers in the field of Natural Sciences, including the Republic of Moldova, current challenges and trends in increasing the interest and development of a teaching society, specific to the competent and sustainable field.